since 2017, Unofficial merchant flag ratio = 3:5,
Source, by:
Wikipedia (EN)
Royal Standard for use in Scotland ratio = 1:2,
Source, by:
Flags of all Nations
former flag of the scottish kingdom (Banner of Scotland), today flag of the secretary of state for Scotland ratio = 3:5,
Source, by:
The Observers Book of Flags
The national flag of Scotland is a single coloured blue flag with a white diagonal cross. This is the St. Andrew's cross. St. Andrew (St. Andreas) is the patron saint and national saint of Scotland. The flag is named "Saltire". It is mentioned in records between 1286 and 1292, but is probably very much older. It is assumed that the flag’s colours were originally black and white, the Celtic national colors. The shade for the blue of the Scottish flag is not exactly defined, but the blue has to be brighter than in the Union Jack, where the blue is fixed with Pantone 280. In practice, the shade Pantone 300 has apparently prevailed for the blue in the flag of Scotland. The ratio of the pages is also not fixed, 3: 5 has proven itself. Another flag, still highly regarded, is the red-golden flag of the Scottish Kingdom, derived from the coat of arms of the Scottish Kings. This flag is used twice instead of once within the quarters of the flag of the Britisch Queen(King) for use in Scotland since 1910.
The shield of Scotland is single coloured golden with a climbing red lion in the centre, within a red, lily-adorned frame. The lion has its roots in William the Lion (1143/1165–1214) and the lily-frame is mentioned in records since 1222. The lily-adorned frame reminds of the former long standing alliance between Scotland and France.
The country's name derives from "Scoti", the Latin name for the Celtic Gaels, which probably goes back to the Greek word "skotos" meaning "dark". The country name "Scotia" was originally used for the island of Ireland, from the 11th century it was used to describe the area north of the River Forth. Also in use were Alba, Albania or Albany, which go back to the Gaelic country's name.
